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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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1994-03-25
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<text id=90TT2209>
<title>
Aug. 20, 1990: The U.S.:No Water To Waste
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Aug. 20, 1990 Showdown
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 61
The U.S.: No Water to Waste
</hdr>
<body>
<p> For all its natural wealth, the U.S. has its share of water
woes. Nearly half of its rivers, lakes and streams are damaged
or threatened by pollution, according to an Environmental
Protection Agency survey. Occasional water shortages have
struck all over the country, even in the rain-rich Northeast.
</p>
<p> By far the most serious problems are in the West, where poor
water-management practices, rampant growth and extreme drought
have hurt both people and vital ecosystems. In cities and
towns, water scarcity means quick showers, brown lawns and
dirty cars. But the real economic burden falls on farmers, who
use between 80% and 90% of the water available in the Far West.
While cities can easily absorb drought-related water-price
increases, many farmers are being driven out of business by
their water bills.
</p>
<p> The only salvation is conservation. Since Wayne Wyatt,
manager of the High Plains Water Conservation District in
Lubbock, Texas, began advising local farmers on water savings
ten years ago, some have cut losses from evaporation from 40%
to as little as 2%. Bill Buckman, a third-generation Lubbock
farmer, says that energy savings and increased crop yields paid
for his water-efficient, center-pivot irrigation system within
a year.
</p>
<p> Some parts of the West will remain vulnerable with or
without conservation. Southern California gets roughly half of
its water from a single canal system, the California Aqueduct,
which carries water from the Sacramento River Delta 800 km (500
miles) south to Los Angeles. Mark Reisner, author of Cadillac
Desert, an examination of Western water, notes that the delta
is sinking by as much as 7.6 cm (3 in.) a year, leaving the
area, much of it already below sea level, ever more vulnerable
to seawater intrusion. A major earthquake on the nearby
Hayward fault could destroy the levees that protect this
crucial water supply. "It's a fragile, fragile system," says
Reisner, "ludicrously so since 19 million people depend on it."
</p>
<p> The Western system of canals and dams was built with the
attitude that fresh water is wasted if it is allowed to flow
into the sea. This approach ignored the ecological importance
of wetlands and brackish waters, and the price of this
ignorance has been the disappearance of many fisheries and
waterfowl. Conservationists have had to turn to the Endangered
Species Act for last-resort protection for ecosystems. In
Nevada the Interior Department is currently trying to satisfy
agricultural demands for water while preserving the endangered
fish and wetlands in the Stillwater National Wildlife Preserve.
Such balancing acts are going to become ever more common. Says
former Governor Bruce Babbitt of Arizona: "Only very recently
has it become clear that there are no more water holes in the
West."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>